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OS X is Apple Inc.'s current Mac OS line of operating systems. Although, under its original name of Mac OS X, it was officially designated as simply "version 10" of the Mac OS, "version 9" has a completely different codebase as well as dramatic changes in user interface. Mac OS had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984, and the family was backward compatible, so OS X could virtualize Mac OS 9 until version 10.5. Unlike its predecessor, OS X is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT through the second half of the 1980s and up until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. It was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, with a desktop-oriented version (Mac OS X v10.0) following in March 2001. Since then, six more distinct "client" and "server" editions of Mac OS X were released, thereafter starting with Mac OS X v10.7 Lion, OS X Server is no longer offered as a separate operating system product; instead, the server management tools are available for purchase separately. The most recent and current UNIX certified version OS X 10.10 Yosemite was made available on October 16, 2014. Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard, when running on Intel processors,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mac OS X Version 10.5 Leopard on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification )〕 Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mac OS X Version 10.6 Leopard on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification )〕 OS X v10.8 Mountain Lion,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mac OS X Version 10.8 Mountain Lion on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification )〕 OS X v10.9 Mavericks,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mac OS X Version 10.9 Mavericks on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification )〕 and OS X v10.10 Yosemite〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OS X Version 10.10 Yosemite on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification )〕 are all certified UNIX systems, conforming to the Single UNIX Specification. Releases of OS X prior to 10.9 were named after big cats; the previous version of OS X, 10.8, is named Mountain Lion. At the 2013 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, Apple indicated that OS X 10.9 Mavericks and future OS X releases would be named after landmarks and natural features in California. ==Development outside of Apple== After Apple removed Steve Jobs from management in 1985, he left the company and attempted — with funding from Ross Perot and from his own pockets — to create the "next big thing". The result was NeXT. NeXT hardware was advanced for its time, being the first workstation to include a DSP and a high-capacity optical disc drive, but it had several quirks and design problems and was expensive compared to the rapidly commoditizing workstation market. The hardware was phased out in 1993; however, the company's object-oriented operating system NeXTSTEP had a more lasting legacy. NeXTSTEP was based on the Mach kernel developed at CMU (Carnegie Mellon University)〔A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming, 3rd edition, by Mark G. Sobell, page 2〕 and BSD, an implementation of Unix dating back to the 1970s. It featured an object-oriented programming framework based on the Objective-C language. This environment is known today in the Mac world as Cocoa. It also supported the innovative Enterprise Objects Framework database access layer and WebObjects application server development environment, among other notable features. All but abandoning the idea of an operating system, NeXT managed to maintain a business selling WebObjects and consulting services, but was never a commercial success. NeXTSTEP underwent an evolution into OPENSTEP which separated the object layers from the operating system below, allowing it to run with less modification on other platforms. OPENSTEP was, for a short time, adopted by Sun Microsystems. However, by this point, a number of other companies — notably Apple, IBM, Microsoft, and even Sun itself — were claiming they would soon be releasing similar object-oriented operating systems and development tools of their own. (Some of these efforts, such as Taligent, did not fully come to fruition; others, like Java, gained widespread adoption.) On February 4, 1997, Apple Computer acquired NeXT for $427 million, and used OPENSTEP as the basis for OS X. Traces of the NeXT software heritage can still be seen in OS X. For example, in the Cocoa development environment, the Objective-C library classes have "NS" prefixes, and the HISTORY section of the manual page for the defaults command in OS X straightforwardly states that the command "First appeared in NeXTStep."抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of OS X」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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